Scientific Name
Scorpaena calcarata

Common Name
Smooth-head scorpionfish

Biology
Occurs from the shore (small individuals) to 90 m depth. Inhabits muddy bottoms (Ref. 26340). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).

Classification

Classified By

Goode & Bean, 1882

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Scorpionfishes and Flatheads (Scorpaeniformes)

Family

Scorpionfishes or rockfishes (Scorpaenidae)

Distribution

Region

Western Atlantic

Distribution

Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; absent from Bermuda, Bahamas and many other island areas.

Range

37°N - 33°S

Environment

Climate

Tropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

212 m

Depth To - meters

216 m

Zone

reef-associated

Environment

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 212 - 216 m (Ref. 5951)

Trophic Level

3.5 s.e. 0.56 Based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

True

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

13.0 cm

Common Length

Unknown cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Unknown

Vulnerability

Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Venomous (Ref. 57406)

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated