Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) fish species and information / pictures of Grayling - Thymallus thymallus

Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Thymallus thymallus

Common Name
Grayling

Biology
Inhabits submontane reaches of rivers with a hard sand or stone bottom and well oxygenated, cold and fast-flowing water (Ref. 59043). Prefers running, well-oxygenated waters of rivers (Ref. 30578). In Scandinavia, it occurs in clear lakes and freshened part of northern Baltic basin. Usually lives in hollows behind boulders and shaded water under overhanging vegetation (Ref. 59043). Gregarious, forms schools (Ref. 2196). Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 9696), nymphs, small worms and crustaceans (Ref. 30578). Breeds in shallow stretches, usually 20-40 cm deep, or riffles, with moderate current of about 0.5 m/s and clean gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Can be captured with natural bait (insect larvae) or with artificial fly. Very sensitive to pollution (Ref. 30578).

Classification

Classified By

Linnaeus, 1758

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Salmons (Salmoniformes)

Family

Salmonids (Salmonidae)

Distribution

Region

Europe

Distribution

Europe: Barent Sea basin west of Urals, Caspian, Black, Baltic, White and North Sea basins, Atlantic westward to Loire drainage; Rh?ne drainage; northern Adriatic basin east to Soca drainage. Introduced over most of southern and central Finland. Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna).

Range

70°N - 42°N, 6°W - 66°E

Environment

Climate

Temperate

Water Temperature From

6 °C

Water Temperature To

18 °C

Depth From - meters

15 m

Depth To - meters

Unknown m

Zone

benthopelagic

Environment

Freshwater; brackish; ; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ? benthopelagic; non-migratory; depth range 15 - ? m (Ref. 30578)

Trophic Level

3.1 s.e. 0.40 Based on diet studies.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

False

Occurs in Brackish water

True

Occurs in Fresh Water

True

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

True

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

60.0 cm

Common Length

30.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5001 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums

Vulnerability

Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.26; tm=2-6; tmax=14)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Least Concern (LC)