Scientific Name
Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus

Common Name
Barbel drum

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21-24; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8. Body silvery, grey on back and white on belly. Inside of opercle lining black, appearing as a dark triangular blotch externally. Base of pectoral fin and axil with a dark spot. Upper half of spinous dorsal fin dusky. Other fins pale. Mouth moderately large, slightly inferior. Tip of chin with a pointed flexible barbel. Gas bladder carrot-shaped, without appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and ovoid, lapillus (small earstone) rudimentary (Ref 51721).

Classification

Classified By

Metzelaar, 1919

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Perch-like fish (Perciformes)

Family

Drums or croakers (Sciaenidae)

Distribution

Region

Western Atlantic

Distribution

Western Atlantic: Nicaragua along the Caribbean coast and Atlantic coasts of South America to southern Brazil.

Range

13°N - 34°S, 77°W - 38°W

Environment

Climate

Tropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

10 m

Depth To - meters

130 m

Zone

demersal

Environment

Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 130 m (Ref. 9626), usually 10 - 80 m (Ref. 3702)

Trophic Level

3.82 s.e. 0.64 Based on diet studies.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

21.0 cm

Common Length

16.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.7500 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually

Vulnerability

Low vulnerability (18 of 100)

Resilience

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated