Milkfish (Chanos chanos) fish species and information / pictures of Milkfish - Chanos chanos

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) fish species information

Scientific Name
Chanos chanos

Common Name
Milkfish

Biology
Found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams. A marine species which enters estuaries and rivers. Adults occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles, which are market

Classification

Classified By
Forssk?l, 1775
Class
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Order
Milkfish (Gonorynchiformes)
Family
Milkfish (Chanidae)

Distribution

Region
Indo-Pacific
Distribution
Indo-Pacific: along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20?C. Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.
Range
46°N - 52°S, 19°E - 77°W

Environment

Climate
Tropical
Water Temperature From
15 °C
Water Temperature To
43 °C
Depth From - meters
1 m
Depth To - meters
30 m
Zone
benthopelagic
Environment
Marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; amphidromous ; depth range 1 - 30 m
Trophic Level
2.03 s.e. 0.06 Based on diet studies.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
True
Occurs in Fresh Water
True
Occurs on Reefs
False
Is kept in Aquariums
False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
180 cm
Common Length
100.0 cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 1.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually
Vulnerability
Very high vulnerability (76 of 100)
Resilience
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=4-8; tmax=15; Fec=200,000)
Threat To Humans
Harmless
IUCN Red List Status
Not Evaluated