Peacock sole (Pardachirus pavoninus) fish species and information / pictures of Peacock sole - Pardachirus pavoninus

Peacock sole (Pardachirus pavoninus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Pardachirus pavoninus

Common Name
Peacock sole

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 62-73; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 48 - 55. Eyes on right side. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal fin; pectoral fins absent; pelvic fins unequal, the right one with an elongated base and attached posteriorly to genital papilla (Ref. 9893). Series of toxic glands along the bases of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, their pores visible (Ref. 9893). Reddish brown, densely spotted on head; body and fins of ocular surface also with spots of various sizes and shapes, bordered by a dark rim and some with a blackish spot on center (Ref. 9893).

Classification

Classified By

Lacep?de, 1802

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)

Family

Soles (Soleidae)

Distribution

Region

Indo-Pacific

Distribution

Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and Tonga (Ref. 2334), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to Onslow, Australia.

Range

32°N - 32°S

Environment

Climate

Tropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

2 m

Depth To - meters

40 m

Zone

reef-associated

Environment

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 40 m (Ref. 1602)

Trophic Level

3.061 s.e. 0.26 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

True

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

25.0 cm

Common Length

12.5 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5156 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: commercial

Vulnerability

Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Venomous (Ref. 9137)

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated