Spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) fish species and information / pictures of Spangled emperor - Lethrinus nebulosus

Spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Lethrinus nebulosus

Common Name
Spangled emperor

Biology
Inhabit coral reefs, coralline lagoons, seagrass beds, mangrove swamps and coastal sand and rock areas. Adults solitary or in small schools; juveniles form large schools in shallow, sheltered sandy areas, also harbors where in seagrasses, algae or sponge habitats at various depths. Feed on echinoderms, mollusks and crustaceans, and to some extent on polychaetes and fish. A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). May have a coppery or iodine taste or smell in the Indian Ocean (Ref. 2295, 11888). It has been shown that this species can survive for long periods in salinities as low as 10 parts per thousand and therefore it is a potential estuarine aquaculture species (Ref. 2295). Utilized as a food fish.

Classification

Classified By
Forssk?l, 1775
Class
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Order
Perch-like fish (Perciformes)
Family
Emperors or scavengers (Lethrinidae)

Distribution

Region
Indo-West Pacific
Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa to southern Japan and Samoa. According to a genetic study (Ref. 28017), Lethrinus nebulosus and Lethrinus choerorynchus are two distinct species in Western Australia.
Range
36°N - 32°S

Environment

Climate
Tropical
Water Temperature From
Unknown °C
Water Temperature To
Unknown °C
Depth From - meters
10 m
Depth To - meters
75 m
Zone
reef-associated
Environment
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 10 - 75 m (Ref. 2295)
Trophic Level
3.32 s.e. 0.44 Based on diet studies.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
True
Occurs in Fresh Water
False
Occurs on Reefs
True
Is kept in Aquariums
False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
87.0 cm
Common Length
70.0 cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
Vulnerability
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100)
Resilience
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.09-0.16; tm=4-9; tmax=27)
Threat To Humans
  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
IUCN Red List Status
  Not Evaluated