Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) fish species and information / pictures of Whale shark - Rhincodon typus

Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Rhincodon typus

Common Name
Whale shark

Biology
World's largest fish, which is harmless to humans. Specimens rarely above 12 m. Often seen offshore but coming close inshore, sometimes entering lagoons or coral atolls. Sometimes seen cruising near outer wall. Reported to frequent shallow water areas near estuaries and river mouths, sometimes during seasonal shrimp blooms. Found singly, or in aggregations of over 100 individuals. Often associated with groups of pelagic fishes, especially scombrids. Highly migratory between ocean basins and national jurisdictions, but returns to the same sites annually. Feed on planktonic and nektonic prey, such as small fishes , small crustaceans and squids. Often seen in a vertical position with the head at or near

Classification

Classified By
Smith, 1828
Class
Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii)
Order
Carpet sharks (Orectolobiformes)
Family
Whale shark (Rhincodontidae)

Distribution

Region
Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic
Distribution
Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic: New York, USA through the Caribbean to central Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Gulf of Guinea; St. Paul's Rocks. Indian Ocean: throughout the region, including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Western Pacific: Japan to Australia and Hawaii. Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Chile. Identified as one of the species with an unfavorable conservation status in Appendix II of the Bonn Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals in 1999. Classified as a highly migratory species, in Annex I of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea which called for 'coordinated management and assessment to better understand cumulative impacts of fishing effort on the status of the shared populations' of these sharks. Included in Appendix II of the Convention on Internatio
Range
41°N - 42°S, 180°W - 180°E

Environment

Climate
Subtropical
Water Temperature From
18 °C
Water Temperature To
30 °C
Depth From - meters
0 m
Depth To - meters
700 m
Zone
pelagic-oceanic
Environment
Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous ; depth range 0 - 700 m , usually 0 - 70 m
Trophic Level
3.55 s.e. 0.49 Based on diet studies.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
False
Occurs in Fresh Water
False
Occurs on Reefs
False
Is kept in Aquariums
False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
2000 cm
Common Length
1,000 cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 1.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: commercial
Vulnerability
Very high vulnerability (81 of 100)
Resilience
Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.02; Fec=16-300)
Threat To Humans
Harmless (Ref. 6871)
IUCN Red List Status
Vulnerable (VU)(A2bd+3d)